GLP-1 agonists are a class of medications that help manage blood sugar levels in people with Type 2 diabetes and can also aid in weight loss. They are typically injectable medications that are administered through subcutaneous injections. GLP-1 agonists work by mimicking the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone, which has several roles in the body, including triggering insulin release, blocking glucagon secretion, slowing stomach emptying, and increasing feelings of fullness after eating. GLP-1 agonists are approved for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and obesity, and they may have additional benefits like lowering blood pressure and improving lipid disorders. The most common side effects are loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe but rare side effects can include pancreatitis, medullary thyroid cancer, and acute kidney injury. GLP-1 agonists are not recommended for use during pregnancy.
